TLR9 and melanoma: Although antibody-targeted nano-carriers loaded with TAAs not yet tested in the clinic, a phase I/II study in stage II-IV melanoma patients vaccinated with a melanoma-specific Melan-A/Mart-1 peptide fused to virus-like nanoparticles loaded with A-type CpG, a ligand for toll-like receptor 9, induced T cell responses in 14 out 22 patients [108].