NFKB1 and Insulin resistance: Three ER membrane-associated proteins, which include PKR-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase (PERK), inositol requiring enzyme1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), are known as ER membrane-associated proteins to be related to the UPR and activate inflammatory pathways, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and finally result in insulin resistance [96].