DLD and diabetes mellitus: As age-related metabolic stress involves reactive oxygen or nitrogen species [45,46], we reason that enhancing DLDH’s ability to scavenge ROS or RNS may serve as approaches for retardation of development of age related metabolic syndrome including diabetes; and such enhancement may be achieved by chronic inhibition of DLDH in vivo, which should be designed not to pose any toxicity but to lend the benefits of anti-oxidation property of a chronically inhibited DLDH [44].