NRP1 and neoplasm: Dual targeting compounds, such as the peptide RGD-ATWLPPR, encompassing ligands of NRP1 and integrin αvβ3 that are both overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment accumulate with higher specificity in the tumor and, unlike uncoupled NRP1 and integrin ligands, reduce turnover and/or surface internalization of NRP1 [383].