From the mechanistic point of view, NEAT1 either exerts the function of paraspeckle-mediated nuclear retention (as in HIV infection), transcriptional regulation by sequestering paraspeckle proteins (as in HTNV, HDV and Herpes simplex infections as well as in Multiple Sclerosis) or sponging of miRNAs (as in sepsis-induced AKI). This evidence concerns the gene NEAT1 and acute kidney injury.