The analysis of the correlations between PD‐L1 mRNA expression and tumour features showed that the upregulation of PD‐L1 expression was associated with poor prognosis features (high risk, a high tumour mitotic index and a high proliferation rate), which is in agreement with the results of previous publications.29, 33 This indicates that the malignancy of tumours is related to the expression of PD‐1, but the causal relationship between them is not clear. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.