IL6 and cancer: This maintenance of IL-6 expression levels with combinatorial DA treatment could generate less ‘stressful’ stimuli post treatment, which are known to have either a prodeath or prosurvival role and could drive cancer cells to become more metastatic and drug-resistant.5 Such observations suggest that the combinatorial DA therapy induces similar suppression of inflammatory signalling pathways while reducing therapeutic stress to prevent the onset of cellular adaptations, which will lead to more malignant subtypes via EMT.