APOE and atherosclerosis: Then TMA enters the liver through the portal circulation and is oxidized into TMAO by hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMO3).31, 35, 36 Wang et al fed C57BL/6J mice a choline‐enhanced diet and ApoE−/− mice showed an increased risk of atherosclerosis.31 Furthermore, up‐regulation of some types of macrophage scavenger receptors and atherosclerosis was promoted after supplementing mice with TMAO.