Cai et al. reported that grape seed procyanidin B2 upregulated the expression of AMPK, sirtuin-1, and PGC-1α in podocytes [58], while Bao et al. showed that grape seed proanthocyanidin prevents diabetes-induced OS and mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes by activating AMPK/sirtuin-1/PGC-1α signaling [59]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and diabetes mellitus.