SGK1 and hyperphosphatemia: The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is upregulated at transcriptional level by various pathologic factors known to trigger osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs, such as hyperphosphatemia, mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid excess, hyperglycemia, or inflammatory cytokines [25, 56–58].