Furthermore, it is reported that astaxanthin-treatment could prevent aging-related hyposalivation caused by dysfunction of submandibular glands, through decreasing in inflammatory cells and increasing in aquaporin-5 positive cells.(37) The liposomal astaxanthin we have developed in this study not only inhibits the generation of ROS in corneal epithelium and will be expected to improve dysfunction of lacrimal glands associated with the aging process, and can be beneficial in the treatment of dry eye. This evidence concerns the gene AQP5 and Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.