Since the 1990 discovery in Japan of individuals homozygous for mutations in CETP who displayed no measurable cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) along with substantially elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and modestly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (1) there has been substantial interest in CETP as a pharmacological target to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (Central Illustration). Here, CETP is linked to cardiovascular disorder.