False positives, which leads to unnecessary patient biopsies, and overdiagnosis, which is the detection of lesions that would ultimately not lead to a cancer-related death, occur at a high rate.34 Similarly, routine PSA testing for the detection of prostate cancer in the United States has resulted in a similar outcome, causing unnecessary follow-up and overtreatment. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.