This is consistent with transcriptional profiling data indicating down-regulation of ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, the activation of which is required for G1/S-phase cell cycle progression [34, 35], as well as observed transcriptional down-regulation of related MAP3K7, which encodes a TGF-β-activated kinase whose inhibition has been shown to promote apoptosis in multiple cancer types [36–38]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is cancer.