The occurrence of IIS in frontal cortical regions was found to be linked to childhood autism, and induction of IIS in the brain of rat pups resulted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavior (of note, gain-of-function mutations of Cav1.3 channels, which provide a crucial conductance in PDS formation (see Section 2), have not only been linked to epilepsy, but were also identified in ASD patients, [76,161]). This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1D and epilepsy.