MUC1 and lung carcinoma: Here, we chose MUC1 as the target for the bispecific aptamer because MUC1 is a broad-spectrum tumor marker overexpressed in most adenocarcinomas, including 96.7% of invasive lung cancers; 90% of prostate, pancreatic, and epithelial ovarian tumors; 70% of breast cancers; and even 60% of captured circulating tumor cells from a variety of metastatic cancers [27].