This was also substantiated by the results showing that the alteration of the genes observed in group 3 have been reported to promote invasion of and to be associated with the poor prognoses of urothelial carcinoma and other various malignancies, including downregulation of CLCA2 [36], SPINK5 [45], SHC1 [40], LGALS8 [42], COL7A1 [41], FAT2 [44], WNT5A [44], and NRXN3 [46], and upregulation of CLDN4 [43], PKN1 [47], FREM2 [48], XBP1 [49,50], PKP2 [51], ANG [52], and PFN1 [53]. This evidence concerns the gene CLDN4 and urothelial carcinoma.