In addition to 18S as discussed above, our data also suggest that GAPDH -another frequently-employed reference gene- here performs remarkably poorly, as does SDHA (which conversely scored very highly in a canine model of DMD): indeed, both GAPDH and SDHA display prominent muscle-specific expression patterns, and both also show marked disease-specific changes. This evidence concerns the gene GAPDH and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.