Randomized treatment, previous warfarin/vitamin K antagonist treatment, geographic region, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, sBP, heart rate, atrial fibrillation type, DM, history of symptomatic congestive HF, previous stroke/systemic embolism/transient ischemic attack, HTN, previous MI, previous peripheral artery disease/coronary artery bypass graft/percutaneous coronary intervention, cTnI, NT‐proBNP, cystatin‐C. The gene discussed is TNNI3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.