GDF15 and atrial fibrillation: These experiments conclusively demonstrate that GDF‐15 levels link to the adverse cardiovascular events across a spectrum of CVD conditions including heart failure (HF), chest pain, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stable ischemic heart disease, stroke, and atrial fibrillation.5, 6, 7, 8 The potential ability of GDF‐15 may attribute to the earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis assessment.