RYR2 and congestive heart failure: For example, SNO of several proteins of RyR2 and L-type Ca+2 channels was found to be associated with modulation of myocardial contractility, electromechanical function, and ventricular fibrillation in congestive heart failure (Burger et al., 2009), while others have shown the s-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins was protective against ischemia and reperfusion injury (Sun et al., 2007; Murray et al., 2011).