We have shown the mitochondrial dysfunction of electron transport chain, and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was exacerbated in Chagas disease (Wen and Garg, 2008, 2010; Lopez et al., 2018), and mtROS provided signal to NFκB-dependent activation of proinflammatory response in immune and non-immune cells (Ba et al., 2010; Gupta et al., 2011). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Chagas disease.