These results suggest that the transcriptional landscape is not substantially changed between normal Notch1+ ISCs and CSCs, although we could detect a significant activation of cancer-related signatures (i.e. colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung, prostate cancer, basal and renal cell carcinoma) and several oncogenic signalling pathways (such as PI3K/Akt, p53, MAPK, TNF, TGF-beta, Ras, HIF-1, ErbB and Hippo signalling pathways) in Notch1+ tumour cells compared to Notch1+ normal ISCs (Fig. 3h and full KEGG analysis in Supplementary Table 1). Here, AKT1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.