While caspase-4 has been known to recognize and bind LPS using the CARD domain, we found a fundamental role of caspase-4 that disaggregates LPS micelles to form stable LPS/caspase-4 complexes in LPS dependent signaling implying that each cell may form different sizes of LPS/caspase-4 complexes depending on the caspase-4 expression levels and the amount of LPS exposed to the cytosol of the cell during infection. Here, CASP4 is linked to infection.