Notably, in the study by Krönke et al., IKZF1 mRNA was expressed at higher levels in patients with newly diagnosed International Staging System (ISS) stage III MM than in patients diagnosed with ISS stage I and II MM; lower IKZF1 and IKZF3 expression was detected in patients with gains of 1q21. Here, IKZF3 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.