SOD1 and Other metabolic disease: Although there is no information on the antioxidant effects of fucoidan against tGCI-induced brain oxidative damage in experimental models of HFD-induced obese or metabolic disorders, a previous study has shown that pretreatment with fucoidan attenuates oxidative stress through decreasing ROS concentrations and restoring SOD activity in PC12 cells caused by H2O2-induced injury [51].