KIR3DL1 and cytomegalovirus infection: The assessment of KIR2DS2 prior to transplantation could potentially be used in combination with D/R serostatus to more accurately predict the risk of CMV infection, including the precise identification of transplant individuals who require a longer duration of antiviral prophylaxis therapy in individuals who do not have KIR2DS2. In conclusion, our findings confirm that KIR/HLA genotypes play a significant role in anti-CMV immunity and suggest the contribution of not only environmental but also genetic factors in the incidence of CMV infection after kidney transplantation.