IRS2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Aberrant IRS2 expression has been associated with hepatic insulin resistance [9] and progression of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [10], hepatitis C [11], and hepatocellular carcinoma [12], in which increased IRS2 expression is associated with proliferation, increased cell survival, and disruption of cell-fate signals controlling hepatocyte metaplasia and the expansion of bipotent liver progenitor cells (LPCs) [13,14].