TNF and Peritoneal Fibrosis: Established effluent biomarkers include cancer antigen 125 (CA125), VEGF, hyaluronan (HA), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α).36, 37, 38 In various studies, PD effluent was also used as a source of biomarkers for the early detection of long‐term alterations in the peritoneum and peritoneal fibrosis.