However, since large lesions of BNST have no effect on anxiety-like behavior in the EPM task either (Treit et al., 1998), it may simply mean that, as with aggressive behavior, AVP cells in the BNST are not critically involved in anxiety-like behaviors, and that AVP derived from other sources, such as the PVN or the amygdala (Rood et al., 2013), also drive AVP’s anxiogenic action in the septum and elsewhere. The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is Anxiety.