INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In cases where islet antibodies were negative or not reported, we diagnosed them to have T1DM based on their presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a previously normoglycemic patient, new onset severe hyperglycemia with a low C-peptide in a patient without known diabetes, new insulin requirement in a patient with known T2DM; and anyone with “fulminant” T1DM.