In one preclinical study, topical application of imiquimod to lesions in a murine breast cancer model in combination with RT and low-dose cyclophosphamide led to tumor regression for both the irradiated and distant lesions and was further associated with an upregulation of IFN-α and IFN-γ signaling and CD8+ T cell homing to the tumor site (49). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neoplasm.