Interestingly, crossing of the same TGF mice with a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SOD1G93A) accelerated disease progression, an effect counteracted by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling through TGF-β type I receptors/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and non-Smad pathways47. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.