DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: The treatment of DMD myoblasts with sPIF significantly upregulated the expression of both H19 (Fig. 2b) and miR-675 (Fig. 2c) in these cells, and these effects were observed in two additional DMD muscle cells (sPIF 100 nM; DMD-Mus2–H19: 398.4 ± 4.2%; miR-675: 428.96 ± 5.11%; DMD-Mus3–H19: 312 ± 39.6; miR-675: 287 ± 23.1% compared to 100% in control untreated cells).