CD274 and neoplasm: This study demonstrated clearly that the control of LCMV-cl13 infection (and most probably the control of tumor growth in the Allison lab study) was a result of reinvigoration of dysfunctional virus-specific T cells, and that this reinvigoration was directly correlated to blocking the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway, and consequently preventing the inhibitory signals propagated through PD-1 that induce the dysfunctional state of T cells.