PARP1 and medical procedure: Pu et al. (2014) crossed transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice with PARP-1 −/− mice, and, comparing several aspects of tumor formation in wild-type, heterozygous, or PARP-1 mutated mice, concluded that impaired PARP-1 function promotes EMT and prostate tumorigenesis in vivo [49].