Changes in concentrations of IGFBP-3 and the IGF-I:IGFBP-3 ratio deserve attention as they present potential clinical implications suggested by epidemiological data showing significant associations between IGFBP-3 or the IGF-I:IGFBP-3 ratio and various diseases such as cancer, coronary events, hepatic steatosis, and lung function to mortality [37]. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cancer.