Several TLR4 immunomodulators are currently being developed as a way to control inflammation, primarily during sepsis.[53, 54] Therapeutic applications of most studied TLR4 modulators remain incompletely explored.[54–57] Our results show that the SPA4 peptide has anti-inflammatory properties, but also exerts a pro-phagocytic response against Gram-negative bacteria (Figs 3–5). Here, TLR4 is linked to Sepsis.