VEGFA and heart failure: Neto-Neves et al. created a successful CTEPH rat model utilizing microsphere injections in conjunction with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (SU5416; Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) that did demonstrate RV remodeling and RV dysfunction, but only one animal was studied out to heart failure (15).