Additionally, impairment of ndufc2, as demonstrated in a rodent knock-out model, can induce mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which is known to damage the sperm membrane and induce infertility (Tremellen, 2008; Ramalho-Santos et al., 2009; Raffa et al., 2017). The gene discussed is NDUFC2; the disease is Infertility.