In contrast, lymphocyte-specific TRAF3-tg mice develop progressive plasmacytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia, show exacerbated TLR responses as well as increased IgG production in response to T-I and T-D antigens, and develop systemic inflammation and SLE-like autoimmunity (14). This evidence concerns the gene TRAF3 and systemic lupus erythematosus.