IFITM3 and infection: In vivo studies in IFITM3 knockout mice demonstrate the critical role of IFITM3 in restricting infection and reducing disease severity of infection by IAV (Bailey et al., 2012; Everitt et al., 2012), WNV (Gorman et al., 2016), Chikungunya virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (Poddar et al., 2016), and respiratory syncytial virus (Everitt et al., 2013).