For instance, Gao et al. showed, among other effects, that dietary butyrate treatment in HF diet fed mice for 12 weeks induces the expression of UCP1 and PGC1α in BAT and mitochondrial function and biogenesis in BAT and muscle, accompanied by an improvement in insulin sensitivity (Gao et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and hydrops fetalis.