KCNH2 and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: This lack of complex, chaotic behavior which is observed in persistent AF is consistent with reports of paroxysmal AF in some patients with the N588K-hERG mutation (Hong et al., 2005) – addition of electrical and intracellular gap junction remodeling or fibrosis in patients may be required to promote degeneration of paroxysmal AF into persistent AF.