MBTPS1 and cardiac hypertrophy: However, studies researching the role of S1P in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis remain insufficient in both in vitro and in vivo, and the models are not consistent, and the model, which uses S1P or the interrelated molecules to induce myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis directly, is likely to change the metabolic rate of other molecules in the pathway, resulting in incorrect judgment of the effects of S1P.