The fact that EV-associated human ApoD is detected both as monomers and dimers (Figure 4), is a readout of its antioxidant activity, since it is known that a consequence of its lipid reducing activity is the formation of stable dimers (Bhatia et al., 2012) that accumulate in advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease patients (Bhatia et al., 2013). The gene discussed is APOD; the disease is Alzheimer disease.