However, TLR10 has an opposite function in infectious disease; this receptor localizes in the cytoplasm of monocyte-derived macrophages, THP-1 cells, and intestinal epithelial cells, where TLR10 can exert a proinflammatory effect because live pathogens can only replicate and interact with TLR10 in the cytoplasm [31, 32]. Here, TLR10 is linked to infectious disease.