CD274 and lymphoma: In this context, EBV-infected cells that acquire PD-L1/PD-L2-involving alterations are thought to effectively evade anti-EBV immune surveillance to be clonally selected for further neoplastic outgrowth, which in turn points to a possibility that checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis might provide effective therapeutics against EBV-related lymphomas otherwise associated with a dismal prognosis with conventional chemotherapy [26, 32].