SDHA and renal carcinoma: To date, there have been few reports of SDHA mutations in sporadic renal cancer: for example, a 17 kbp homozygous deletion leading to the loss of 9 exons of SDHA (Yakirevich, et al., 2015), a heterozygous germline mutation in the initiation codon (Jiang, et al., 2015), a splice site deletion (Ozluk, et al., 2015), and a combined germline/somatic biallelic loss (McEvoy, et al., 2018).