TGFB1 and osteoarthritis: During bone formation, miR‐146a plays a positive role by targeting SMAD4 in the TGF‐β signaling, which in turn suppresses SOX9 and increases RUNX2 expression.74 Increased miR‐146a expression contributes to osteoarthritis, which was postulated to be caused by reduced chondrocyte survival via TGF‐β suppression.75 On the other hand, miR‐146b, located at 10q24, drives MSCs toward adipogenesis.76 In human skeletal stem cells, miR‐146b is downregulated during chondrogenic differentiation.