Both tumors and tumor resection significantly reduced hippocampal (F2,44 = 6.7, p < 0.005) and hypothalamic (F2,41 = 7.0, p < 0.005) Tnf-α responses to LPS at 4 h post-injection relative to tumor-free controls, whereas this pattern was absent in the frontal cortex (p > 0.05). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.