Some of the TDS genes that exhibited transcriptional response to these drug treatments serve as a proliferation markers in the mouse melanoma model (apoda. 2), as well as, early stage colorectal cancer, metastasis of breast cancer (olfm4), prognostic indicators in human hepatocellular carcinoma (bhmt), regulators of cancer cell migration and apoptosis (rgcgb), or directly involved in pancreatic cancer (vmp1)75–82. This evidence concerns the gene VMP1 and colorectal cancer.